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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| The Thermal Pressure of the Hot Interstellar Medium Derived from Cloud Shadows in the Extreme Ultraviolet
We have used the Deep Survey telescope of the Extreme UltravioletExplorer to investigate shadows in the diffuse EUV/soft X-ray backgroundthat are cast by clouds in the interstellar medium. We confirm theexistence of a shadow previously reported and provide evidence for twonew shadows. We used IRAS data to identify the clouds producing theseshadows and to determine their optical depth to EUV radiation. TheEUV-absorbing clouds are optically thick in the EUV, and all EUVemission detected in the direction of these shadows must be producedfrom material in front of the clouds. We obtained new optical data todetermine the distance to these clouds. We use a new differential cloudtechnique to obtain the pressure of the interstellar medium. Theseresults do not depend on any zero-level calibration of the data. Ourresults provide evidence that the pressure of the hot interstellar gasis the same in three different directions in the local interstellarmedium and is at least 8 times higher than that derived for the LocalCloud surrounding our Sun. This provides new evidence for large thermalpressure imbalances in the local ISM and directly contradicts the basicassumption of thermal pressure equilibrium used in almost all presentmodels of the interstellar medium.
| Stellar uvbybeta photometry in three EUV shadow directions
We present the uvbybeta data used to locate the dust and derivedistances for nearby diffuse interstellar clouds in the EUV shadowslb27-31, lb165-32 and lb329+46 discovered by the Extreme UltravioletExplorer. The photometrically derived parallaxes of our program starsare compared to the parallaxes listed in the Hipparcos Catalog. Withinthe photometric distance limit of 150 pc, the photometric parallaxes of21 ``normal" stars are consistent with the Hipparcos measurements withinan uncertainty of 15%. Much as expected for the Str{ömgren system.Since all program stars are brighter than V~11.5 most of them areincluded in the Tycho photometry. For our sample of ~ 200 stars we findVby and V_T to be consistent. Few stars are common topublished uvbybeta catalogs, ~ 10, V and the indices compare well apartfrom beta where a zero point difference of 11 mmag is noticed.Tables \ref{tab1}-\ref{tab3} are also available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.htmlBased on observations at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla,Chile.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Photographic measures of double stars. II
Measures are presented for 302 double stars photographed on 657 plateswith the 36-in. Lick refractor in the period between 1945 and 1962. Thedata provided include the observing epochs, the rectangular coordinatesof the secondary components with reference to the respective primaries,the mean errors of a single measurement, the computed mean errors, thedouble-star separations, and the position angles both for the observingepoch and reduced to the equator of 2000. An additional 561 unmeasuredplates of acceptable quality obtained between 1948 and 1960 are listed.
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