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The luminosity index for M stars and the distance to the LMC.
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| Quantitative spectral classification of galactic disc K-M stars from spectrophotometric measurements
New spectral observations for 47 southern galactic red supergiantsobtained with the new RUBIKON spectrophotometer (developed at theAstronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum) at the Bochum 61-cmtelescope on La Silla are presented. The spectra range from 4800 to 7700A and their resolution is 10 A. The mean error of absolute fluxes is0.028 mag and that of relative fluxes 0.021 mag. The spectra will beavailable at the Strasbourg Stellar Database (CDS). Together with datataken from recently published spectral catalogues, the new observationshave been used to define spectral indices as measures of the strengthsof the following features: Fe i+TiOalpha_1, Mgb+TiOalpha_0,NaD+TiOgamma'_1, TiOgamma'_0 and TiOgamma_1 systems. The indices havebeen checked against errors introduced by reductions, interstellarreddening and different resolutions of different spectral catalogues,and have been found to be very insensitive to all these effects.Therefore, different catalogues may be combined without any loss ofaccuracy and homogeneity. The mean error of a single index has beenfound to be 0.011 mag. For stars from K4 to M7, a strong temperaturedependence is found for all indices. For the Fe i+TiO and especially theMgb+TiO features, a strong dependence on luminosity has also beenobserved. These indices therefore have been combined to form aluminosity index, while the others together form a spectral index. Thecombined indices have been calibrated in terms of MK data using thestepwise linear regression technique, and may be used for quantitativetwo- dimensional spectral classification of late K- and M-type stars.The mean error of the classification is 0.6 of spectral subtype and 0.8of luminosity class, which is much higher than would be expected fromthe uncertainty of the indices alone (which, e.g., for an M4 giantcorrespond to an uncertainty of 0.1 of spectral subtype and 0.3 ofluminosity class). This may be explained by the uncertainty of theoriginal MK classifications and the variability of some programme stars.
| Are luminous asymptotic giant branch stars all of spectral type MS? - Evidence from spectroscopic and photometric observations of LMC stars
A sample of stars that included luminous supergiants and AGB stars wasexamined for spectral differences between these two star types; thespectra include those of 49 LMC stars previously classified as M stars,eight red stars in NGC 2100, and one known LMC S star. A closeexamination of image-dissector-scanner spectra revealed a great numberof stars with enhanced ZrO bands, which were classified as MS. A totalof nine AGB stars more luminous than M(bol) = -6 were found, the mostluminous at M(bol) = -6.6. In the region of M(bol) between -5 and -6.6,no star was found showing a normal M-type spectrum; this region isoccupied by MS, S, and C stars. The luminous stars of the M(bol) lessthan -5.5, are from their brightness and pure M-type spectra massivesupergiants; all NGC 2100 stars belong to this group.
| A library of stellar spectra
Spectra for 161 stars having spectral classes O-M and luminosity classesV, III, and I have been incorporated into a library available onmagnetic tape. The spectra extend from 3510 to 7427 A at a resolution ofabout 4.5 A. The typical photometric uncertainty of each resolutionelement in the spectra is on the order of 1 percent while broad-bandvariations are smaller than 3 percent. Potential uses for the libraryinclude population synthesis of galaxies and clusters, tests of stellaratmosphere models, spectral classification, and the generation of colorindices having arbitrary wavelength and bandpass.
| Evidence for an abundance gradient in the galactic disk
DDO photometry of field K giants in distant parts of the galactic diskin the galactic center and anticenter directions is used together withDDO and UBV photometry of 41 open clusters to investigate the variationof metallicity across the galactic disk. Some problems in thecalibration of DDO photometry are examined, and the observations areanalyzed. The data are shown to be consistent with the suggestion thatthere is a composition gradient among stars of all ages in the galacticdisk. Specifically, it is found that: (1) the metallicity gradient inthe solar vicinity is approximately -0.05/kpc; (2) the gradient maybecome steeper beyond a galactocentric distance of approximately 11 kpc;(3) the nitrogen gradient is more pronounced than the overall gradient;and (4) the gradient in the youngest stellar population is probably notdramatically different from the overall gradient
| The Distribution of the BD M-Type Stars Along the Galactic Equator.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1958ApJ...128..510N&db_key=AST
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