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The dynamics of stellar outflows dominated by interaction of dust and radiation
Wind outflow around a late-type star driven by radiation pressure ondust grains is investigated in detail. The equation of motion for theoutflow coupled with the equation of radiative transfer is solvedtreating the circumstellar envelope, which consists of gas and dust, asa two-component fluid. Because of the drift of the dust particlesthrough the gas, the dust-to-gas ratio varies with distance even ifgrain formation is a prompt process. The coupling between dust and gasweakens as the mass-loss rate decreases until finally the rate ofmomentum transfer to the gas is insufficient to overcome gravity whenthe mass-loss rate is too low. This results in a lower limit, on theorder of 10 exp -7 solar mass/yr, to the possible mass-loss rates thatcan be driven by radiation pressure on dust. Radiative transferconsiderations pose a bound on the capability of the radiation field toovercome gravity also in the opposite limit of large mass-loss rates.Due to the difference in optical properties between carbon stars andoxygen stars, these considerations produce a meaningful upper limit onthe mass-loss rate, of several times 10 exp -4 solar mass/yr, only forcarbon stars.
| Classification of 831 two-micron sky survey sources south of +5 degrees.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1975AJ.....80.1011H&db_key=AST
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