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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Photometric and spectroscopic studies of cool stars discovered in EXOSAT X-ray images. IV. The northern hemisphere sample
We present high-precision photometry, high- and medium-resolutionspectroscopy for a sample of 32 stars likely to be the opticalcounterparts of X-ray sources serendipitously detected by the EXOSATsatellite. Using also recent results from the Hipparcos satellite, weinfer spectral types, compute X-ray luminosities and Li abundances andinvestigate the single or binary nature of the sample stars. We foundeleven new variable stars, whose photometric periods fall in the1.2-27.5 day range, for most of which the optical variability isconsistent with the presence of photospheric cool spots. For our sampleof X-ray selected stars we confirm the existence of a strong correlationbetween the stellar rotation rate and the level of activity, and alsobetween the X-ray and bolometric luminosities. Two stars in our sampleare likely to be pre-main sequence objects, one is likely to be apreviously unknown M-type star within 25 pc. Based on data collected atCatania Astrophysical Observatory (Mt. Etna, Italy), at ObservatorioAstronomico Nacional (UNAM, S. Pedro Martir, BC, Mexico) and at KittPeak National Observatory (Kitt Peak, AZ, USA) Table 1 is available inthe on-line version; Table 3 and the complete data set are available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr orvia http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html}
| A Large-Scale Objective-Prism and X-Ray Survey in Taurus-Auriga
We present the results of a moderately deep, wide-field optical/X-raysurvey extending over ~60 deg in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloudcomplex. Our observations are sensitive enough to allow us to detectlower mass and older pre-main-sequence stars that could have been missedin previous surveys. We identify four new T Tauri stars, two in the areaof L1500 and L1503, one in L1538, and one in L1544. X-rays were detectedfrom three near-IR sources, one of them a very reddened Class II T Tauristar. Four X-ray sources have no known optical/IR known counterpart;they could be very reddened pre-main-sequence stars. Our findings areconsistent with the idea that little (if any) star formation has takenplace in L1537 and L1538. Although we found one slightly older T Tauristar (~3-4 Myr old), our survey yields no evidence for any significantnumber of T Tauri stars, regardless of mass and age, outside the maingroups of young stars in Taurus. We conclude that the M stars comprisingthe low-mass end of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) source populationmust be older than ~10 Myr and most probably unrelated to the ongoingprocess of star formation in Taurus. Instead, the bulk of the RASSsources seen toward regions like Taurus seem to trace the history ofstar formation over a longer period in the solar vicinity. Researchreported herein based on observations made with the 1 m Schmidttelescope at Observatorio Nacional de Llano del Hato, Venezuela,operated by the Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía (CIDA).
| The overlapping open clusters NGC 1750 and NGC 1758. II. $\vec BVR photographic photometry and proper motions
Astrometry (positions and proper motions) and photographic BVRphotometry were determined from a set of 29 photographic plates and CCDdata in a region of 2.3(deg}x2.3({deg)) in the area of open clusters NGC1750 and NGC 1758 in Taurus. The iterative central overlap algorithm wasused for the proper motion calculations. Plate-to-plate transformationsand astrometric magnitude effects are discussed in detail. CCD datainteract with photographic material in three different ways: for theelimination of astrometric magnitude effects, for the photometricstandard calibration of photographic plates and for building a CCDpseudo-plate used for astrometric purposes as any other photographicplate. A preliminary analysis of the resulting photometric andastrometric catalogue confirmed the reality of two different clusters inthe zone (NGC 1750 and NGC 1758). There were no indications for theexistence of NGC 1746. Tables 6 and 11 are only available in electronicform from CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) orvia http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The Tokyo PMC catalog 90-93: Catalog of positions of 6649 stars observed in 1990 through 1993 with Tokyo photoelectric meridian circle
The sixth annual catalog of the Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle(PMC) is presented for 6649 stars which were observed at least two timesin January 1990 through March 1993. The mean positions of the starsobserved are given in the catalog at the corresponding mean epochs ofobservations of individual stars. The coordinates of the catalog arebased on the FK5 system, and referred to the equinox and equator ofJ2000.0. The mean local deviations of the observed positions from theFK5 catalog positions are constructed for the basic FK5 stars to comparewith those of the Tokyo PMC Catalog 89 and preliminary Hipparcos resultsof H30.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| Probable open clusters NGC 1750 and NGC 1758 behind the Taurus dark clouds
The area of 2.5 x 2.5 deg in the direction of the Taurus dark cloudscontaining stellar groupings NGC 1746, NGC 1750, and NGC 1758 isinvestigated in the Vilnius photometric system. Magnitudes V, colorindices, color excesses, interstellar extinctions, and distances aredetermined for 116 stars, some of which are as faint as V = 13. It isconcluded that NGC 1746 is probably not a cluster. Other two groupingsof stars, NGC 1750 and NGC 1758, if real, may be open clusters at 510and 680 pc distances. Interstellar reddenings E(B-V) of both groups are0.42 and 0.37 mag, respectively. The distance of the Taurus dark cloudsin the area is found to be 175 pc, i.e. by 45 pc larger than in otherdirections farther to the south from the galactic equator.
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