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The Physical Basis of Luminosity Classification in the Late A-, F-, and Early G-Type Stars. I. Precise Spectral Types for 372 Stars
This is the first in a series of two papers that address the problem ofthe physical nature of luminosity classification in the late A-, F-, andearly G-type stars. In this paper, we present precise spectralclassifications of 372 stars on the MK system. For those stars in theset with Strömgren uvbyβ photometry, we derive reddenings andpresent a calibration of MK temperature types in terms of the intrinsicStrömgren (b-y)0 index. We also examine the relationshipbetween the luminosity class and the Strömgren c1 index,which measures the Balmer jump. The second paper will address thederivation of the physical parameters of these stars, and therelationships between these physical parameters and the luminosityclass. Stars classified in this paper include one new λ Bootisstar and 10 of the F- and G-type dwarfs with recently discoveredplanets.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Search for X-ray flares in the Pleiades using SoHO LASCO C3 images.
Not Available
| Statistics of binaries in the Pleiades cluster
We present a statistical analysis of binaries in galactic clusters,based on photometric properties. Synthetic clusters are used to solvethe deconvolution problem. If the colour-magnitude relation for singlestars is given and if triple stars are treated as binaries, thedistribution of systems in a colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) can be usedto determine cluster properties. They include the maximum number ofsingle stars N1max which is compatible with the distributionof systems, a standard deviation sigma (describing the scatter of starson the main sequence), a critical mass ratio q_c, and the mass ratiodistribution in the case of N_1=N1max. In the general case(N_1<= N1max) the mass ratio distribution can bedetermined for q>q_c, and in favourable cases (if N_1 is sufficientlylarge) for all mass ratios. A first application concerns thePleiades cluster in the colour range 0.2<= B-V<0.98. The concentration of systems near the main sequence in the CMDis used to derive an approximation for the colour-magnitude relation. Asmall positive number c is involved as a parameter. The mass ratiodistribution depends sensitively on c and increases towards small massratios, at least up to q =~ 0.5 and probably up to q =~ 0.3. Thedistribution is bimodal, with a peak at q=1. Photometric arguments showthat c<~ 0.02. A binary frequency of 60-70% as expected from clustersimulations (Kroupa \cite{krou}) requires c<~ 0.03. An adjustment oftwo parameters (c=0.02 and a 70% binary frequency) is sufficient toreproduce the mass ratio distribution for binaries in the galacticfield. This suggests that the mass ratio distribution in the Pleiades issimilar to the distribution in the field, in accordance with aconjecture of Bouvier et al. (\cite{brn}, BRN).
| Deep ROSAT HRI observations of the Pleiades
In a deep X-ray survey of the Pleiades open cluster, we use the ROSATHigh Resolution Imager to explore a region of the cluster formerlysurveyed with the PSPC. These new observations substantially improveupon both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution for this region ofthe Pleiades, allowing us to detect 18 cluster members not detectedbefore and 16 members not included in the catalogs used in previoussurveys. The high sensitivity of the present observations permits us toobtain more stringent upper limits for 72 additional members and alsoprovides sufficient numbers of stars to enable us to explore thedependence of L_x on stellar rotation for the slow rotators of thePleiades. Using the new high sensitivity X-ray observations and therecent rotational measurements we discuss the activity-rotationrelationship in the Pleiades solar type stars. We also present newphotometric observations of optical counterparts of a number of X-raysources detected in previous surveys but not yet identified. Table~2 isavailable in electronic form at CDS via ftp 130.79.128.5
| Spectrophotometry of 237 Stars in 7 Open Clusters
Spectrophotometry is presented for 237 stars in 7 nearby open clusters:Hyades, Pleiades, Alpha Persei, Praesepe, Coma Berenices, IC 4665, andM39. The observations were taken by Lee McDonald and David Bursteinusing the Wampler single-channel scanner on the Crossley 0.9m telescopeat Lick Observatory from July 1973 through December 1974. Sixteenbandpasses spanning the spectral range 3500 Angstroms to 7780 Angstromswere observed for each star, with bandwidths 32Angstroms, 48 Angstromsor 64 Angstroms. Data are standardized to the Hayes-Latham system tomutual accuracy of 0.016 mag per passband. The accuracy of thespectrophotometry is assessed in three ways on a star-by-star basis.First, comparisons are made with previously published spectrophotometryfor 19 stars observed in common. Second, (B-V) colors and uvby colorsare compared for 236 stars and 221 stars, respectively. Finally,comparsions are made for 200 main sequence stars to the spectralsynthesis models of Kurucz, fixing log g = 4.0 and [Fe/H] = 0.0, andonly varying effective temperature. The accuracy of tests using uvbycolors and the Kurucz models are shown to track each other closely,yielding an accuracy estimate (1 sigma ) of 0.01 mag for the 13 colorsformed from bandpasses longward of the Balmer jump, and 0.02 mag for the3 colors formed from the three bandpasses below the Balmer jump. Incontrast, larger scatter is found relative to the previously publishedspectrophotometry of Bohm-Vitense & Johnson (16 stars in common) andGunn & Stryker (3 stars). We also show that the scatter in the fitsof the spectrophotometric colors and the uvby filter colors is areasonable way to identify the observations of which specific stars areaccurate to 1 sigma , 2 sigma , .... As such, the residuals from boththe filter color fits and the Kurucz model fits are tabulated for eachstar where it was possible to make a comparison, so users of these datacan choose stars according to the accuracy of the data that isappropriate to their needs. The very good agreement between the modelsand these data verifies the accuracy of these data, and also verifiesthe usefulness of the Kurucz models to define spectrophotometry forstars in this temperature range (>5000 K). These data define accuratespectrophotometry of bright, open cluster stars that can be used as asecondary flux calibration for CCD-based spectrophotometric surveys.
| ROSAT Observations of the Pleiades. I. X-Ray Characteristics of a Coeval Stellar Population
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..102...75M&db_key=AST
| High-precision positions and proper motions of 441 stars in the Pleiades astrometric standard region.
Not Available
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Multi-Band Polarimetry of Be Stars. I. X Persei
We analyzed the multi-band polarimetric data of X Per during 1988--1994around an extended low state in brightness. The variation in theintrinsic polarization correlated well with those of the Hα emissionstrength and the brightness variation. We give a rough estimate of thedisk development, adopting a cylindrically symmetric sector. The diskbecomes optically thick in its developed stage. It is a subtle problemwhether a large photometric variation with Delta V=0.8 mag can beexplained within the framework of the disk development, and is left as achallenging problem.
| Membership probabilities in the Pleiades field.
A catalogue of proper motions and photographic B, V magnitudes for starsup to B=19mag within a region centered near Alcyone is presented. Thecatalogue is based on MAMA measurements of 8 plates taken with theTautenburg Schmidt telescope. The survey includes ca. 14500 stars andcovers a total field of about 9 square degrees. For stars brighter thanB=18mag an internal accuracy of 0.05mag and 2.5mas/year has beenestimated for photometric data and proper motions, respectively.Membership probabilities, proper motions and B, V magnitudes are listedfor 442 stars up to B=19mag in the Pleiades field.
| The structure of the galactic halo outside the solar circle as traced by the blue horizontal branch stars
A complete sample of blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars in the magnituderange 13.0 less than or equal to V less than or equal to 16.5 isisolated in two Galactic fields that have previously been searched forRR Lyrae variables: SA 57 in the Northern Polar Cap and the LickAstrograph field RR 7 in the Anticenter (l = 183 deg, b = +37 deg).These BHB stars are a subset of the AF stars found in the CaseLow-Dispersion Northern Survey; lists of these AF stars were madeavailable by the late Nick Sanduleak. In the color range 0.00 less thanor equal to (B - V)0 less than or equal to +0.20, we candistinguish the BHB stars among these AF stars by comparing them bothwith well known local field horizontal branch (FHB) stars and also theBHB members of the halo globular clusters M3 and M92. The criteria forthis comparison include (1) a (u - B)K color index (derivedfrom photoelectric observations using the Stroemgren u filter and theJohnson B and V filters) that measures the size of the Balmer jump, (2)a spectrophotometric index lambda that measures the steepness of theBalmer jump, and (3) a parameter D0.2 that is the mean widthof the H-delta and H-gamma Balmer lines measured at 20 percent of thecontinuum level. These criteria give consistent results in separatingBHB stars from higher gravity main sequence AF stars in the color range0.00 less than or equal to (B - V)0 less than or equal to+0.20. All three photometric and spectrophotometric criteria weremeasured for 35 stars in the SA 57 field and 37 stars in the RR 7 fieldthat are in the color range (B - V)0 less than or equal to+0.23 and in the magnitude range 13.0 less than or equal to V less thanor equal to 16.5. For a small number of additional stars only (u -B)K was obtained. Among the AF stars that are fainter than B= 13 and bluer than (B - V)0 = +0.23, about half of those inthe SA 57 field and about one third of those in the lower latitude RR 7field are BHB stars. Isoabundance contours were located empirically inplots of the pseudoequivalent width versus (B - V)0 for thelines of Mg II lambda-4481 A, Ca II lambda-3933 A, and Fe I lambda-4272A. Solar abundances were defined by the data from main sequence stars inthe Pleiades and Coma open clusters. Data from the BHB stars in M3 andM92 defined the (Fe/H) = -1.5 and -2.2 isoabundance contours,respectively. Metallicities of all stars were estimated by interpolatingthe measured pseudoequivalent widths in these diagrams at the observed(B - V)0. The distribution of (Fe/H) found for the BHB starsin this way is very similar to that which we found for the RR Lyraestars in the same fields using the Preston Delta-S method. The spacedensities of these BHB stars were analyzed both separately and togetherwith earlier observations of field BHB stars. This analysis supports atwo-component model for the halo of our Galaxy that is similar in manyrespects to that proposed by Hartwick although our discussion refersonly to the region outside the solar circle.
| A deep imaging survey of the Pleiades with ROSAT
We have obtained deep ROSAT images of three regions within the Pleiadesopen cluster. We have detected 317 X-ray sources in these ROSAT PositionSensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) images, 171 of which we associatewith certain or probable members of the Pleiades cluster. We detectnearly all Pleiades members with spectral types later than G0 and within25 arcminutes of our three field centers where our sensitivity ishighest. This has allowed us to derive for the first time the luminosityfunction for the G, K, amd M dwarfs of an open cluster without the needto use statistical techniques to account for the presence of upperlimits in the data sample. Because of our high X-ray detection frequencydown to the faint limit of the optical catalog, we suspect that some ofour unidentified X-ray sources are previously unknown, very low-massmembers of Pleiades. A large fraction of the Pleiades members detectedwith ROSAT have published rotational velocities. Plots ofLX/LBol versus spectroscopic rotational velocityshow tightly correlated `saturation' type relations for stars with ((B -V)0) greater than or equal to 0.60. For each of several colorranges, X-ray luminosities rise rapidly with increasing rotation rateuntil c sin i approximately equal to 15 km/sec, and then remainsessentially flat for rotation rates up to at least v sin i approximatelyequal to 100 km/sec. The dispersion in rotation among low-mass stars inthe Pleiades is by far the dominant contributor to the dispersion inLX at a given mass. Only about 35% of the B, A, and early Fstars in the Pleiades are detected as X-ray sources in our survey. Thereis no correlation between X-ray flux and rotation for these stars. TheX-ray luminosity function for the early-type Pleiades stars appears tobe bimodal -- with only a few exceptions, we either detect these starsat fluxes in the range found for low-mass stars or we derive X-raylimits below the level found for most Pleiades dwarfs. The X-ray spectrafor the early-type Pleiades stars detected by ROSAT areindistinguishable from the spectra of the low-mass Pleiades members. Webelieve that the simplest explanation for this behavior is that theearly-type Pleiades stars are not themselves intrinsic X-ray sources andthat the X-ray emission actually arises from low-mass companions tothese stars.
| ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. IX - A duplicity survey of the Pleiades, Praesepe, and IC 4665 clusters
Multiplicity of stars within clusters is a well-studied phenomenon.However, recent survey work done on the Hyades by Mason et al. (1993)would seem to indicate that even in the most often studied clusters,there may be binaries yet undiscovered. In order to expand the sample ofcluster binaries with potentially short-period visual orbits, a specklesurvey of 45 Pleiades, 54 Praesepe, and 22 IC 4665 bright stars (V isless than 10) for possible multiplicity was conducted at the KPNO 4 mMayall telescope between 1987 October and 1991 November. Of these, threenew binaries have been discovered: one in the Pleiades where the newcomponent may be spectroscopic, another in Praesepe which has beenconfirmed from examinations of archival observations and also has beenresolved by occultation, and the third in IC 4665. Continued study ofthese new binary stars could further refine the cluster distance modulias well as the cluster mass-luminosity relations.
| A new library of stellar optical spectra
Attention is given to a new digital optical stellar library consistingof spectra covering 3510-8930 R at 11-A resolution for 72 differentstellar types. These types extend over the spectral classes O-M andluminosity classes I-V. Most spectra are of solar metallicity stars butsome metal-rich and metal-poor spectra are included. This new library isquantitatively compared to two previously published libraries. It offersseveral advantages over them: it is photometrically well-calibratedindividually and consistently from star to star. Good temperature andluminosity coverage has been achieved. The incorporation of stars withwell-determined temperature, metallicity, and surface gravity parametersincreases the accuracy of the spectral type assigned to each compositelibrary star.
| Halo blue horizontal branch stars - Spectroscopy in two fields
Results are presented of spectroscopic observations at 2-A resolution of44 stars in two fields. A total of 39 are identified as blue horizontalbranch (BHB) stars, RR Lyrae, or main-sequence A stars. The candidateswere selected by color from digitized UK Schmidt direct plates and bythe presence of a strong Balmer discontinuity in their objective prismspectra. Velocities and distances are measured for each of the BHBcandidates. At moderate spectral dispersion the distinction betweenmain-sequence A stars and horizontal branch stars cannot be made on thebasis of hydrogen linewidths alone. Four stars at a distance of 30 kpcin one field are found to have a velocity dispersion of less than 12km/s, and a systematic velocity of 70 km/s with respect to the Galacticrest frame. These stars are not bound to each other but may be thestellar remnants of a recently disrupted halo cluster.
| Radial velocity measurements in the Pleiades
High-resolution radial velocities for 71 stars of both early and latespectral types in the Pleiades cluster have been obtained in order toinvestigate the possibility of establishing an early-type star velocitysystem by bootstrapping late-type velocity standards to early-type onesin young clusters. It is shown that in the absence of early-typevelocity standards the velocity scale of the early-type spectra in thecluster can be tied into the IAU velocity system by examining thevelocity distributions of both the early-type and the late-type stars,since the internal velocity dispersion in an open cluster is less thanabout 1 km/s. It is found that the cluster velocity of the Pleiades is6.0 km/s, with an observed velocity dispersion of 1 km/s. Based on thesevelocity results, a list of potentially constant velocity B and A starsis proposed for further studies to confirm the constancy of theirvelocities.
| X-ray studies of coeval star samples. II - The Pleiades cluster as observed with the Einstein Observatory
Coronal X-ray emission of the Pleiades stars is investigated, andmaximum likelihood, integral X-ray luminosity functions are computed forPleiades members in selected color-index ranges. A detailed search isconducted for long-term variability in the X-ray emission of those starsobserved more than once. An overall comparison of the survey resultswith those of previous surveys confirms the ubiquity of X-ray emissionin the Pleiades cluster stars and its higher rate of emission withrespect to older stars. It is found that the X-ray emission from dA andearly dF stars cannot be proven to be dissimilar to that of Hyades andfield stars of the same spectral type. The Pleiades cluster members showa real rise of the X-ray luminosity from dA stars to early dF stars.X-ray emission for the young, solarlike Pleiades stars is about twoorders of magnitude more intense than for the nearby solarlike stars.
| The late A-type stars - Refined MK classification, confrontation with Stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation
The MK spectral classification for late A-type stars is refined and theeffects of rotation of spectral classification and uvby(beta) photometryfor these stars are examined. It is found that, for A3 stars, the4417/4481 A wavelength ratio produces results that are inconsistent withthe Stark broadening of the H lines. It is suggested that this ratio isnot useful as a luminosity criterion at any spectral type.Self-consistent sequences of narrow- and broadline standards areestablished. The results of the refined classification system arecompared with Stromgren photometry, showing a set of low-v sin i A-typestars with anomalously large delta(c1) indices for theirluminosity types. It is proposed that these stars are rapid rotatorsseen at fairly low inclination angles.
| Determination of the Proper Motions for Stars in the Region of the Pleiades - Part One
Not Available
| Merged log of IUE observations.
Not Available
| Photoelectric search for CP 2-stars in open clusters. IX - Pleiades and Coma Berenices: The case of PLEIONE
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1987A&A...178..313M&db_key=AST
| The Pleiades cluster. III - Polarization, reddening, and the unusual distribution of interstellar matter
A polarization survey of Pleiades cluster members and nonmembers hasbeen carried out together with a determination of interstellar reddeningfor cluster members. The ISM in front of and inside the cluster leads tovariable polarization and reddening across the cluster. The optical datacorrelate well with available radio and millimeter features. Twodistinct ISM concentrations are isolated: (1) a uniform foreground sheetin front of the whole cluster which is seen as constant reddening andpolarization in the eastern part of the cluster; and (2) additionalintracluster material, located mainly in the western part of thecluster.
| A VBLUW photometric survey of the Pleiades cluster
Photometric data are presented for 390 known or suspected members of thePleiades cluster. The data were obtained in 1979 at ESO using theWalraven VBLUW photometer and the Dutch 91-cm telescope. A comparisonwas made with subsets obtained with the same telescope andinstrumentation at the former Leiden Southern Station at the SAAO annexduring 1976 and 1977, and with data obtained at ESO during 1980 and1981. The much improved performance of the telescope and the photometerat their new site is obvious from these comparisons. The stars measuredcomprise the selection of possible members by Hertzsprung (1947)brighter than m(pg) = 14.5 and a selection of possible members in theouter region of the cluster by Pels et al. (1975). Of the starsselected, 66 were found not to be members. A few of these are possiblyescaping members. The present data set provides a well determined mainsequence over the range K2V to B9V, as well as data on some of theprobably premain-sequence K2-to-K5 and postmain-sequence B8-to-B6 stars.Finding charts for the stars selected by Pels are presented in anappendix.
| A library of stellar spectra
Spectra for 161 stars having spectral classes O-M and luminosity classesV, III, and I have been incorporated into a library available onmagnetic tape. The spectra extend from 3510 to 7427 A at a resolution ofabout 4.5 A. The typical photometric uncertainty of each resolutionelement in the spectra is on the order of 1 percent while broad-bandvariations are smaller than 3 percent. Potential uses for the libraryinclude population synthesis of galaxies and clusters, tests of stellaratmosphere models, spectral classification, and the generation of colorindices having arbitrary wavelength and bandpass.
| The blue stragglers of M67
Photometry and echelle spectroscopy are used to show that at least two,and probably all, of the five brightest blue stragglers in the opencluster M67 are binaries. One of the stars, F190, has radial velocityvariations with an amplitude of 30 km/s or more. The average velocitiesfor F156 and F280 depart by 5-7 km/s from the cluster mean, which ismore than twice the 1 sigma uncertainty in each determination. Therotational velocity values range from less than 10 to 120 km/s, somewhatlower than average for stars of this temperature in other, necessarilyyounger, open clusters. These results constitute strong support for thehypothesis that stragglers owe their current existence beyond the mainsequence turnoff to mass transfer from an evolving companion. Previousobservations are discussed which suggest that the scarcity of stragglersin globular clusters is due to the ease of disruption of the widelyseparated components of the progenitor systems.
| Catalogue of Eclipsing and Spectroscopic Binary Stars in the Regions of Open Clusters
Not Available
| A catalogue of stellar spectrophotometric data
A list of 378 sets of stellar energy distributions for 356 stars basedon photoelectric spectrophotometry is presented. Data from eight sourceshave been transformed to the Hayes-Latham calibration of Alpha Lyrae.The procedure follows that of Breger (1976) and the present list extendsprevious data, especially for stars of earliest and intermediatespectral types.
| Spectral types in the Pleiades.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978PASP...90..201A&db_key=AST
| Four-color and H-beta photometry for open clusters. XI - The Pleiades
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976AJ.....81..419C&db_key=AST
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