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Passbands and Theoretical Colors for the Washington System
The passbands of the Washington system (C, M, T1,T2) have been checked through synthetic photometry of theVilnius spectra and comparison of observed and synthetic color-colorrelations. Using the derived passbands, theoretical colors were computedusing the grid of ATLAS no-overshoot models of Castelli. These can beused for calibration of the Washington system.
| H I Spectra and Column Densities toward HVC and IVC Probes
We show 21 cm line profiles in the direction of stars and extragalacticobjects, lying projected on high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCsand IVCs). About half of these are from new data obtained with theEffelsberg 100 m telescope, about a quarter are extracted from theLeiden-Dwingeloo Survey (LDS), and the remaining quarter were observedwith other single-dish telescopes. H I column densities were determinedfor each HVC/IVC. Paper I of this series uses these in combination withoptical and ultraviolet high-resolution measurements to deriveabundances. Here an analysis is given of the difference and ratio of N(HI) as observed with a 9' versus a 35' beam. For HVCs and IVCs the ratioN(H I-9')/N(H I-35') lies in the range 0.2-2.5. For low-velocity gasthis ratio ranges from 0.75 to 1.3 (the observed ratio is 0.85-1.4, butit appears that the correction for stray radiation is slightly off). Thesmaller range for the low-velocity gas may be caused by confusion in theline of sight, so that a low ratio in one component can be compensatedby a high ratio in another-for 11 low-velocity clouds fitted by onecomponent the distribution of ratios has a larger dispersion. Comparisonwith higher angular resolution data is possible for 16 sight lines.Eight sight lines with H I data at 1'-2' resolution show a range of0.75-1.25 for N(H I-2')/N(H I-9'), while in eight other sight lines N(HI-Lyα)/N(H I-9') ranges from 0.74 to 0.98.
| Distances and Metallicities of High- and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds
A table is presented that summarizes published absorption linemeasurements for the high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCs andIVCs). New values are derived for N(H I) in the direction of observedprobes, in order to arrive at reliable abundances and abundance limits(the H I data are described in Paper II). Distances to stellar probesare revisited and calculated consistently, in order to derive distancebrackets or limits for many of the clouds, taking care to properlyinterpret nondetections. The main conclusions are the following. (1)Absolute abundances have been measured using lines of S II, N I, and OI, with the following resulting values: ~0.1 solar for one HVC (complexC), ~0.3 solar for the Magellanic Stream, ~0.5 solar for a southern IVC,and ~solar for two northern IVCs (the IV Arch and LLIV Arch). Finally,approximate values in the range 0.5-2 solar are found for three moreIVCs. (2) Depletion patterns in IVCs are like those in warm disk or halogas. (3) Most distance limits are based on strong UV lines of C II, SiII, and Mg II, a few on Ca II. Distance limits for major HVCs aregreater than 5 kpc, while distance brackets for several IVCs are in therange 0.5-2 kpc. (4) Mass limits for major IVCs are0.5-8×105 Msolar, but for major HVCs theyare more than 106 Msolar. (5) The Ca II/H I ratiovaries by up to a factor 2-5 within a single cloud, somewhat morebetween clouds. (6) The Na I/H I ratio varies by a factor of more than10 within a cloud, and even more between clouds. Thus, Ca II can beuseful for determining both lower and upper distance limits, but Na Ionly yields upper limits.
| Radio HI and optical absorption-line spectra of an intermediate-velocity cloud in the general direction of the M15 globular cluster
Using HI spectra obtained with the Lovell telescope (FWHM ~ 12 arcmin)we present maps showing the HI distribution and velocity structure of anintermediate-velocity cloud (IVC; v_LSR~70 km s^-1) which is observed inthe general direction of the globular cluster M15. The gas is shown tobe clumpy in nature and we examine its position and velocity structure.The IVC is detected in absorption in the CaII K line towards fivecluster stars in intermediate resolution spectra obtained with ISIS/WHTand in high resolution UES/WHT NaI D line spectra of two cluster stars(II-75; IV-38). The clumpy nature of the gas is indicated by the NaI andKI spectra obtained in the II-75 and IV-38 sightlines, which haveangular separation ~ 3.5 arcmin. The IVC is detected in KI in the highercolumn density II-75 sightline; this appears to be the first detectionof IVC or HVC gas in KI. The IVC gas towards M15 has a similar velocityto that observed towards HD 203664, some 3.1 deg away from the cluster.Similarities in the IVC gas velocity suggest a gas structure thatextends across both sightlines, although gas column densities areconsiderably higher towards M15. For a common feature, this would placethe M15 IVC at a height above the Galactic plane (z-distance) of<~1.5 kpc based on the Little et al. estimate of the HD 203664distance. From the fine-scale structure and column density observations,estimates are made of the space density of the small-scaleconcentrations. However, these remain uncertain and the presentobservations emphasize the need for higher spatial and spectralresolution studies to provide firmer estimates of cloud properties. Wereport also on a radio HI and CaII line survey towards a sample of 24stars over a wider field. This was carried out in an attempt to detectany wider distribution of the IVC gas and to place better limits on itsdistance. Although these observations are of sufficient spectralquality, no new optical detections are reported.
| Blue-violet spectral evolution of young Magellanic Cloud clusters
We study the integrated spectral evolution in the blue-violet range of97 blue star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds, from those associatedwith gas emission to those as old as a few hundred Myr. Some clustersare dominated by the flux of those massive stars that pass throughevolutionary stages such as Wolf-Rayet, Luminous Blue Variable, Be, andsupergiant stars of different temperatures. The relationships amongspectral features such as absorption and emission lines, Balmerdiscontinuity and Balmer continuum are used to study the spectralevolution of the clusters. Finally, we sort into groups spectra ofsimilar evolutionary stages, creating a template spectral library withpossible applications in stellar populations syntheses of star-forminggalaxies and in the spectral simulation of bursts of star formation withdifferent mean ages and durations.
| Observations of High Velocity Gas in the Galactic Halo
High resolution optical and stellar interstellar observations towardsthe halo star HD 203664 and 6 surrounding early-type stars have beencombined with a 21 cm mapping of the region to investigate a 70 km/shigh velocity cloud (HVC). The distance of the HVC from the galacticplane (z) has been constrained to lie between 200 pc and 1500 pc, upperlimits to temperature and velocity dispersion of 4600 K and 2.2 km/shave been estimated, and a column density ratio of N(Na I)/n(Ca II) =0.32 has been deduced. These parameters are consistent with the materialbeing shocked gas, possibly arising from an old supernova remnant. TheN(Na I)/N(H I) and N(Ca II)/N(H I) ratios are anomalously large byfactors of approximately 20 and 110 respectively, with respect to normaldiffuse gas.
| Photometry of Stars in the Field of WZ Cassiopeiae
Not Available
| Optical and H I observations of high-velocity gas toward HD 203664
High-resolution optical stellar and interstellar observations toward thehalo star HD 203664 and six surrounding early-type stars have beencombined with a 21 cm mapping of the region to investigate a 70 kms-1 between 200 and 1500 pc; upper limits to temperature andvelocity dispersion of 4600 K and 2.2 km s-1 have beenestimated; and a column density ratio N(Na II)/N (Ca II) approx. equalto 0.32 has been deduced. These parameters are consistent with thematerial being shocked gas, possibly arising from an old supernovaremnant. The N(Na I)/N(H I) and N(Ca II)/N(H I) ratios are anomalouslylarge by factors of approximately 20 and 100, respectively, with respectto normal diffuse gas; several scenarios are presented as possibleexplanations of this phenomenon.
| On the sytematic accuracy of the equatorial UBVRI standard stars
The considerable systematic difference in B-V between northern andsouthern measurements of the equatorial UBVRI standard stars arestudied. It is found that the northern data (Landolt 1983) are muchcloser to the original UBV system than the southern ones. The situationis less clear in the case of V and U-B.
| UBV(RI)c photometry of equatorial standard stars - A direct comparison between the northern and southern systems
UBV(RI)c photometry of 212 stars from Landolt's list of equatorialstandards is presented. The observations are tied to the system definedby Cousin's E-region standards. A comparison of the present results withLandolt's reveals reasonably good agreement for (V-R)c and (V-I)c, butmarked systematic differences for (B-V) and (U-B). The UBV systems ofCousins and Landolt are evidently not the same and both probably differfrom Johnson's original system.
| Spectrophotometry of stars of intermediate brightness
Spectrophotometric observations of 15 stars in a magnitude range m ofbetween 8.0 and 10.9, located mostly near the equator and covering allthe range of right ascensions, are presented. The energy distributionshave been obtained in Hayes' (1970) system as revised by Hayes andLatham (1975), and in the augmented system presented by Taylor (1984).Comments about some of the standard stars are presented as well as acomparison of the results obtained with both systems.
| UBV Photometry of Equatorial Stars
Not Available
| Standardization of Broadband Photometry of Equatorial Standards
Not Available
| Luminosity classification with the Washington system
The DDO 51 filter has been added to the Washington photometric system.The strong surface gravity sensitivity of the Mg I 'b' triplet and MgHbands which it monitors allows the system to easily discriminate betweendwarfs and giants of late G and K spectral type. The system isespecially suited as a membership criterion for abundance studies ofdistant cluster giants. The Mg index is insensitive to surface gravityvariations among G giants. The metallicity sensitivity among giants isalso relatively weak. Population I and II giants can be distinguishedbut no further differentiation is evident.
| U, B, V, R photometry of 37 galaxies
U, B, V, R photometry is reported for 37 objects selected fromArakelyan's catalog of high surface-brightness galaxies and several ofMarkaryan's lists. The distribution of the program galaxies in thetwo-color diagram suggests they are of diversified morphological type.Some occupy the Seyfert-galaxy region.
| UBVRI photometric standard stars around the celestial equator
It is pointed out that accurate, internally consistent, and readilyaccessible standard star photometric sequences are necessary for thecalibration of the intensity and color data which astronomers obtain atthe telescope. The photometric results provided in connection with thepresent study represent the first part of an effort which is concernedwith the presentation of UBVRI photoelectric photometric standard starsin the magnitude range from 7 to 17 over as broad a range in color aspossible. All of the photometric observations were made with a 31034type photomultiplier used in a pulse counting mode. Some 15 to 25standard stars chosen from Cousins' lists (1973, 1976) in the E-regionswere observed with an 0.4-m telescope each night along with the programstars. UBVRI standard stars were observed periodically throughout thenight. Observations with a 0.9-m telescope were also conducted. TheUBVRI photoelectric observations take into account 223 stars.
| A UBVRI equatorial extinction star network
An equatorial-extinction star network, based on 1503 observations of 37stars, is presented. These results together with those of Crawford etal. (1971) provide a well-determined UBVRI extinction network.Identification charts are included.
| Distances to eclipsing binaries. III - Masses, radii, and absolute magnitudes of 96 stars
Distances to, and absolute magnitudes of, 96 components of eclipsingbinaries with well-determined absolute dimensions have been computedusing V-R photometry. The calculations take into account interstellarreddening, which is estimated from existing UBV and uvby-betaphotometry, as well as photometric proximity effects. The resultingabsolute magnitudes, dimensions, and masses are compared with zero-agemain sequences predicted by theory. Theory is in good agreement with theobserved data for stars more massive than the sun if a composition (X,Y, Z) = (0.66 + or - 0.03, 0.303 + or - 0.03, 0.037 + or - 0.005) ischosen. The corresponding helium-to-hydrogen number ratio is 0.115 + or- 0.02, in agreement with previous estimates.
| The Washington system - Photometric properties and standard stars
Observations on the Washington Photometric System (C,M,T1,T2), leadingto an expanded set of 79 standards, are presented. This primary standardlist extends to a V magnitude of approximately 12.0. A V filter has beenadded to the system, which permits V-T1 colors and V magnitudes on theJohnson system. Revised primary and secondary extinction values fromfour observatories are presented. The extent of errors in the standardcolors is discussed. Reddening effects are also discussed.
| High-speed five-color photometry of the flare star EV Lacertae
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976PASJ...28..665K&db_key=AST
| A UBV equatorial-extinction star network
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971PASP...83..652C&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Πήγασος |
| Right ascension: | 21h35m55.80s |
| Declination: | +05°28'35.1" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.292 |
| Proper motion RA: | 9.1 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 1.5 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.251 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.289 |
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